Chakra Affinity
Your first chakra nature is your primary affinity. /chakra test can be completed only while you have no nature yet, costs 20 chakra, and permanently reveals one of the five basics. The current roll weights are Katon 30%, Suiton 30%, Raiton 20%, Fūton 15% and Doton 5%. The result also gives you one fragment of the discovered element.
That first nature stays your primary affinity even after you awaken more elements. It is used by the build system for the nature passive and as one of the signals when Kakashi decides whether your character fits an elemental specialization.
Knowing an element does not automatically teach its jutsus. A technique still has to be discovered and learned, and its normal material/chakra requirements still apply.
Additional basic natures are awakened with Keiraku through /item use. The cost rises with the number you already know: 1 Keiraku for your second nature, 2 for the third, 4 for the fourth and 7 for the fifth. You choose which missing nature to awaken; the original nature remains primary.